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March 8, 1932. P. HYNES 1,848,631

BUS HEATING SYSTEM Filed Feb. 2, 1926 31mm to: LEE P. HYNES Patented Mar. 8, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE P. HY'NES, OF ALBANY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO CON- SOLIDATED CAR-HEATING COMPANY, INC OF ALBANY, NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK BUS HEATING SYSTEM Application filed February 2,1926. Serial No. 85,499. 7

For a detailed description of the present form of my invention, reference may be had to the following specification and to the accompanying drawings forminga part thereof, wherein y I Fig. 1 s a diagrammatic side elevation of my system and Fig. 2 shows the recombustiondevice in detail. Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic elevation of the'device illustrated in Figure 1 with a very slight modification.

My invention relates to means for heating busses, railway cars, boats or similar vehicles equipped with a hydro-carbon gas engine, wherein I derive the heat to be utilized from 5 the re-combustion of the engine exhaust. The contents of the exhaust are burned in an especial form of burner underneath the vehicle in case of a vehicle'on wheels. This burner, together with the pipe leading therefrom to the final exhaust and carrying the products of the re-combustion', are enclosed in a longitudinal closed duct which takes the air from the inside of the body at a point near the rear thereof and returns the same additionally heated to the body at the front end thereof. The circulation is maintained by means of a fan driven preferably by the engine itself directly or indirectlyfso as to be kept in action so long as the engine is running and delivering its exhaust to the re-burner.

By this means the heating is made independent of the temperature of the external atmosphere. I adjust the amount of heat in the body by means of a-damper which can divert the current from the said duct either into the front end of the body as aforesaid or into the external atmosphere.

Referring to the drawings, which may represent a bus, A represents the exhaust pipe from the'manifold of the engine leading to the re-burner where it enters a somewhat larger tube B and terminates at a in a nozzle that'determines the velocity of outflow. The tube E is a continuation of B and is closed at its left end but perforated by a multiplicity of small holes which permit the outflow of the gases but prevents flames 'from passing backwardly into said tube. Outside of tube E is a tube D, closed at its left end but open at its right, which constitutes the re-combustion chamber. It contains a spark plug or ignition flame F for initiating the combustion and restarting it after the engine has been stopped and the supply of exhaust fuel to the re-burner thereby temporarily interrupted. Outside of all the tubes aforesaid is the casing C which is provided on the left with the final exhaust tube G which is provided with one or more radiating fins K. In this apparatus the air sucked in between tubes A and B mingles-with the contents of the exhaust emerging from A and after passing out from the perforations in tube E becomes ignited by the spark plug F. The burning gases then flow to the right and around the end of tube D into the space between D and the casing O. Thence the flow is to the left and out of the exhaust tube G. This re-combustion produces a substantial amount of heat at a high degree of temperature. The reburner, together with the exhaust pipe G having the radiation fin. K, is enclosed in a sheet metal duct H beneath the body which may have an outside heat-insulating coating. At the rear endof H; near the rear end of the vehicle, is an upward extension from H into the vehicle body which terminates close to the floor and is covered by a guard plate T to exclude dirt while admitting the flow of air from the body downinto the duct H. This duct is provided at its front end with a similar upright extension which comes up in front of the body and opens into it through a register V and on its top opens into the outlet pipe Q. A damper P controlled either manually or automatically acts to close either of the, two outlets and thereby divert, either partly or completely, the contents of the duct into the front end of the body or into the outlet pipe Q. By setting the damper to nearly shut off the flow into pipe Q, (see Figure l), the flow into the body will draw in with it a small amount-of fresh air from the outside but the heating ofthebody is by means of the re-circulated and re-heated air from the rear thereof. In the form illustrated in Fig. 3 a damper P is provided for the admission of fresh air as above indicated. In this figure the damper P is shown as completely closed so that the entire stream of heated air passing through the conduit H' may be delivered through the screen V into the vehicle. In Figure 1 the damper P is shown in position to divert the stream of heated air through the 5 pipe (2, the arrows indicating the current passing .through the screen V being shown in dotted hues to indicate that is is not the actual stream. passing therethrough. It will be observed that the stream *of heated air is dem livered into the bus without passing into contact with the engine, and in fact the stream of heated air is maintained at all times during its travel at a substantial distance from the engine, as clearly appears from the draw-' mgs. The air is circulated by means of a fan R driven by the engine or in substantial I synchronism therewith. By means of thesysitem above described, the relatively smal1:vol 'ume of intensely high temperatured products,

' of combustion, resulting from the recombustion of the exhaust gases is utilized to heat a relatively larger volume of-air to a much lower degree of temperature. While the re-c'ombus- 5 tion may give a temperature of 1400 degrees E, which is too high to be taken into the body,

the proportions of the duct H are such that theflow of air drawn into the duct overthe outside surface of easing C and exhaust G is maintained in a sufliciently large volume to reduce the temperatureof the air which is delivered into the vehicle to a practicable .degree. Moreoverasthespeed ofthevehicleand windage increases, the greater speed of the vehicle produces more fuel for the re-burner I and quickens the circulation over the re-burner and through the body. The reverse of this occurs when the vehicle slows down. Thereby the heat supply is'automatically made commensurate with the demand caused by 40 speed variations of the vehicle and is at all 1 J times independent of the temperature of the outside atmosphere. Moreover, when the ve- ,hicle is standing stillthe engine may be kept running "and. the body heat maintained. If

- a wished, theduct H may be extended at its thereof mixed with aportion ofexternal air, the returned air being introduced so as to I flow in a tion.

2. The method of heating the enclosed space of a bus comprising reburning the exgeneral horizontal rearward direchaust gases of an internal combustion engine within a chamber located outside of the space to be heated, withdrawing air from the said 3. The' method of heating the enclosed space of a vehicle comprising reburning the exhaust gases of an internalcombustion englne within achamber located outside of the space to be heated, withdrawing air from said space at the rear end thereof and returning it to the space at the forward end thereof, and raising the temperature of the air during its travel by utilizingthe intensely high temperatured products ofcombustion of small volume produced by the reburning of saidgases so as to heat a. large volume of air at much lower temperature, and maintaining said air throughout its travel at a-substantial distance. from the engine so that it will not come in contacttherewith.

Signed at Albany, county of Albany, State of New York, this 30th day of January, 1926.

. LEE P. HYNES.

front end to take in any desired part of the engine. Finally, in summer, whjleitis still necessary to maintain the re-combustion for I J the purpose of freeing the exhaust from noxi- 66 ous carbon-monoxide, the draught of air passing 'over the re-burner and ejected through 'I-pipe Q, will act to cool the re-bur'ner and pre- -.vent it from adding heat to the body while also cooling the body itself.

5* WhatII claim as new and byLettersPatent'is: 1. The method of he'ati'n the enclosed space of a bus comprising re urning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion en- 6 gine within a chamber located outside ofv the space to be heated, withdrawing air from desireto secure said space near the rear end thereof and 'causing it to be heated through the medium of said reburned gases, and then returning the heated air to ,said space at the forward end 

